REASONS TO MAKE PARTITION

Partitioning is the act of dividing a hard disk drive into multiple logical storage units referred to as partiotions, to treat one physical disk drive as if it were multiple disks. Partitions are also termed "slices" for operating systems based on BSD, Solaris or GNU Hurd. A partition editor software program can be used to create, resize, delete and manipulate these partitions on the hard disk.

There are some of the reasons to make partition.

• Easy to manage
  If you keep your operating system and applications on a partition separate from your data, the data will be more easier to back up and easier to restore. Its make your system more manageable. Another more, if you need to reinstall the operating system, you can do it without worrying about the data on the other partition.
   
• Backup and Recovery
  You can store a complete backup image (an exact clone/duplicate) of your whole Windows installation on a second partition. This can be used quickly restore Windows in the event of major problems without losing anything, so your settings, programs and Windows would be the same as at the time you created the backup. It also make it easier to recover a corrupted file system or operating system installation.


• Security
  Separation of the operating system files from user files may result into a better and secure system. Restrict the growth of certain file systems is possible using various techniques.
   
• Secure the data from virus / data crash
  Viruses and malware target files on the main Windows C: partition. If your document are stored there, they are much more likely to become infected than if they are stored in a separate D: partition. So if part of your hard drive becomes corrupted or infected with virus or malware, the other partitions have a good  chance of remaining unscathed.
   
•  Different file system
  By creating the partition and separate the system files and user files into a different file system, it may decrease the chance of corruption or accidental deletion of crucial system files.
  
  
• Multi Operating System
  For creating multiple operating system boots sequences. Different partitions can be used for different operating systems like Windows, Linux and other else.
   
• Squeeze more performance
  Partitioning a large drive into smaller units improves performance by decreasing the amount of traveling the drive's read/write head has to do when it searches for data. A partition also shrinks the size of the tables the computer uses to keep track of where dara is stored, further improving performance.
   
• Stability and Efficiency
  You can increase disk space efficiency by formatting disk with various block sizes. It depends upon the usage.

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KERNEL (MONOLITHIC KERNEL AND MICROKERNEL)

Kernel is a program that constitutes the central core of  a computer operating system. It has complete control over everything that occurs in the system. A kernel can be contrasted with a shell, which is the outermost part of an operating system and a program that interacts with user commands.

Monolithic

A monolithic kernel is an operating system architecture where the entire operating system is working in the kernel space and alone as supervisor mode. The monolithic differs from other operating system architectures (such as the microkernel architecture) in that it defines alone a high-level virtual interface over computer hardware, with a set of primitives or system calls to implement all operating system services such as process management, concurrency, and memory management itself and one or more device drivers as modules.

Properties of Monolithic Kernels

• OS is all in one place, below the “red line”

• Applications use a well-defined system call interface to interact with kernel

• Examples:  Unix, Windows NT/XP, Linux, BSD, OS/161

• Common in commercial systems

Advantages and disadvantage

Microkernel

Microkernel is the only software executing at the most privileged level (generally referred to as supervisor or kernel mode).[citation needed] Traditional operating system functions, such as device drivers, protocol stacks and file systems, are removed from the microkernel to run in user space.[citation needed] In source code size, microkernels tend to be under 10,000 lines of code, as a general rule. MINIX's kernel, for example has less than 6,000 lines of code.

 

Properties of Microkernels

• Design Philosophy:  protected kernel code provides minimal “small, clean, logical” set of abstractions

• Tasks and threads

• Virtual memory

• Interprocess communication

• Everything else is a server process running at user-level

• Examples: Mach, Chorus, QNX, GNU Hurd

• Mixed results

Microkernel Advantages and disadvantage

 

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BENEFITS OF USING LINUX

Linux is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open source software development and distribution. There are some benefits of using the Linux.

=> Flexibility

Linux can be used for high performance server applications, desktop applications and embendded systems. You can save disk space by only installing the components needed for a particular use. You can restrict the use of specific computers by installing for example only selected office applications instead of the whole suite.

=> Security
Linux is one of the most secure operating systems. "Walls" and the flexible file access permission systems prevent access by unwanted visitors or viruses. Linux users have to option to select and safely download software, free of charge, from online repositories containing thousands of high quality packages. No purchase transactions requiring credit card numbers or other sensitive personal information are necessary.

=> Reliability
The majority of Linux variant and versions are reliable, Can often run for months and years without needing to rebooted.

=> Scalability
Linux is to be very accommodative of increasing needs of servers. Its scalability along from its cost makes Linux a most profitable option.

=> Open Source licensing model (ROI)
When Linux came around, hardware vendors thought of it as the opportunity to reduce customers total cost of ownership. ROI is return on investment where gain from investment minus cost of investment divide overall cost of investment

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