=> System
- World Wide Web (WWW) architecture
- specified by W3C
=> Hardware
- Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)
- specified by IBM for plug-in boards to IBM-architecture PCs, later standardized by the IEEE - Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)
- specified by Intel Corporation for plug-in boards to IBM-architecture PCs - Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)
- specified by Intel Corporation for plug-in boards to IBM-architecture PCs - PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group (PICMG)
- an industry consortium developing Open Standards specifications for computer architectures
=> File Formats
- Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM)
- file format for 2D vector graphics, raster graphics and text defined by ISO/IEC 8632 - Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Extensible HTML (XHTML) and HTML5 specifications of the W3C
- for structured hyperlinked document formatting - Office Open XML
- specified by Microsoft for document, spreadsheet and presentation formats, approved by ISO/IEC 29500 - Ogg is a container for Vorbis, FLAC, Speex (audio formats) and Theora (video format)
- by the Xiph.Org Foundation - Open Document Format (ODF)
- specified by OASIS for office document formats, approved by ISO as ISO/IEC 26300 - Portable Document Format (PDF/X)
- specified by Adobe System s Incorporated for formatted documents, later approved by ISO - Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
- bitmapped image format that employs lossless data compression, approved by ISO as ISO/IEC
=> Protocols
- Internet Protocol (IP)
- specification of the IETF for implementing streams of data on a network and specified by IETF RFC 793 - Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- specification of the IETF for implementing streams of data on top of IP and specified by IETF RFC 793 - OMA Data Synchronization and Device Management is a platform-independent data synchronization protocol
- specified by The SyncML Initiative/Open Mobile Alliance - XMPP an open protocol for near-real-time Instant Message (IM) and presence information
- also known as buddy lists
=> Programming Languages
- ANSI C is a general-purpose programming language
- approved by ISO as ISO/IEC 9899 - Ada is a multi-paradigm programming language
- defined by joint ISO/ANSI standard ISO combined with major Amendment ISO/IEC - MUMPS is a dynamically typed programming language and originally designed for database-driven applications in the healthcare industry
- approved by ISO as ISO/IEC
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